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Strategic sustainable development — selection, design and synergies of applied tools

2002

United Nations University

The number of tools and approaches to develop sustainability is growing rapidly. Sometimes they are presented as if they are contradictory or in competition. However, a systems approach consistent with basic principles and the requirements of sustainability shows that these to...

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Towards a sustainable society: United Nations University's Zero Emissions Approach

2007

United Nations University

Through the Zero Emissions lens, material cycles from intake to emissions should be managed as a holistic system. Thus, the primary focus is the intake of natural resources within renewable limits and final emissions within acceptable limits. This implies the optimization thro...

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Environmental technologies – from misleading interpretations to an operational categorisation & definition

2007

United Nations University

Environmental technology (ET) has become a catchphrase during the past decades. Nevertheless, an operational definition is not yet plain, allowing manufacturers and engineers to add to their technologies the supplement “environmental” whenever they feel it is appropriate – eve...

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Integrative approaches towards Zero Emissions regional planning: synergies of concepts

2007

United Nations University

This paper presents four strategic approaches for sustainable regional development: The Natural Step Framework, Zero Emissions, Eco-Industrial Parks, and The Rocky Mountains Institute's Economic Renewal program. Analysis against the requirements of regional planning shows a gr...

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A review of the environmental fate and effects of hazardous substances released from electrical and electronic equipments during recycling: Examples from China and India

2010

United Nations University

This paper presents data found in the scientific and grey literature about concentrations of lead (Pb), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dioxins and furans as well as polybrominated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs) monitored in various environmen...

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One WEEE, many species: Lessons from the European experience

2011

United Nations University

The European Union’s (EU) Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive was essentially in response to the toxicity of e-waste — to ensure that it was collected and treated in an environmentally sound manner. This paper identifies some key features of the Directiv...

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A systematic and compatible classification of WEEE

2012

United Nations University

This paper proposes a systematic classification of WEEE, enabling improved scope definition and better comparability of performance results. It is organized based on three essential perspectives: product type, waste management, and legislative relevancy. The proposed classific...

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The Best-of-2-Worlds philosophy: developing local dismantling and global infrastructure network for sustainable e-waste treatment in emerging economies.

2012

United Nations University

This paper introduces the 'Best-of-2-Worlds' philosophy (Bo2W), which provides a network and pragmatic solution for e-waste treatment in emerging economies. It seeks technical and logistic integration of 'best' pre-processing in developing countries to manually dismantle e-was...

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Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: a systematic review

2013

World Health Organization

The population exposed to potentially hazardous substances through disposal and recycling of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment is increasing. This paper summarises the evidence for the association between exposure to e-waste and outcomes related to exposures such...

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Enhancing e-waste estimates: Improving data quality by multivariate Input–Output Analysis

2013

United Nations University

This paper addresses how to enhance e-waste estimates by providing techniques to increase data quality. An advanced, flexible and multivariate Input-Output Analysis (IOA) method is proposed. It links all three pillars in IOA (product sales, stock and lifespan profiles) to cons...

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