This thought paper presents complementary solutions and concepts to propel e-waste collection rates in line with extended producer responsibility (EPR) - based regulation, whilst also delving into the perceived need for an international regime around EPR to assist with harmon...
ViewThe transboundary movement of e-waste topic has found its way into the public perception via various alarming reports, however, the facts on the quantities and trade routes have not yet been researched at a global level. The transboundary E-waste Flows Monitor quantified that ...
ViewThe National E-waste Monitor for Lebanon 2022 examines the overall statistics of electronic and electrical equipment placed on the market, the national stock and its subsequent e-waste generation, its disposal routes, and e-waste collection for environmentally sound management...
ViewThe Regional E-waste Monitor for Latin-America 2022, presents results for the 13 countries participating in project UNIDO-GEF 5554. The report provides an assessment of statistics, legislation, and management infrastructure of e-waste and persistent organic pollutants in Argen...
ViewEstas Directrices son fruto del trabajo del Programa de Sustainable Cycles (SCYCLE) de la Universidad de las Naciones Unidas y su objetivo es ayudar a los países en su empeño por recopilar y divulgar información sobre estadísticas en materia de RAEE basándose en definiciones y...
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The Regional E-waste Monitor for the Arab States 2021 provides an assessment of statistics, legislation, and management infrastructure of e-waste in Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, The State of Palest...
ViewThe Regional E-waste Monitor for the CIS + Georgia 2021 provides an assessment of statistics, legislation, and management infrastructure of e-waste in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekis...
ViewThe thought paper focuses on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) derived from wireless infrastructure for mobile Internet connectivity, connected devices and data storage with examples from mobile networks, IoT and data centres. The aim of this paper is to raise a...
ViewThe toolkit report considers the need for an all-actors approach and for the fair, inclusive and timely application of the extended producer responsibility principle. Policymakers are invited to use this toolkit as a pragmatic guide to formulate and strengthen e-waste manageme...
ViewIn the first three quarters of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a 30% fall in electronic and electrical equipment sales in low- and middle-income countries, but only a 5% decline in high-income countries, highlighting and intensifying the digital divide between North and Sou...
ViewEffective and binding action is urgently required to protect the millions of children, adolescents and expectant mothers worldwide whose health is jeopardized by the informal processing of discarded electrical or electronic devices according to a new ground-breaking report fro...
ViewUNITAR/United Nations University present an in-depth review on the WEEE Collection Rates in the EU-28, Switzerland, Norway and Iceland, which shows that the implementation mechanisms of WEEE legislation, such as the ‘all actors’ approach, a clearing house, and mandatory handov...
ViewThis (UNU/UNITAR) SCYCLE published report summarizes a new integrated method for monitoring the export of used electrical and electronic equipment. The report was commissioned by the Dutch monitoring council (monitoringsberaad). The council was interested in the methodology an...
ViewThe Dutch WEEE Flows 2020: What happened between 2010 and 2018?” quantifies the 2018 Dutch WEEE Flows in 2018 manner comparable to the Dutch WEEE Flows study of 2010. The report presents the EEE POM, the WEEE Generated, the compliantly regulated WEEE Collection, and the WEEE F...
ViewThe Global E-waste Monitor 2020 provides the most comprehensive overview of the global e-waste challenge, explains how it fits into international efforts to reach the Sustainable Development Goals, and discusses how to create a sustainable society and circular economy. The rep...
ViewCurrently, only a few countries have a uniform measurement system for waste electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste or WEEE). However, there is already substantial data available for both developed and less-developed countries that relate to e-waste statistics. In order t...
ViewStEP, UNU, and UNEP IETC worked extensively on e-waste issues and made an attempt to look into the future of the problem in order to initiate policy level discussions on the challenges and opportunities ahead. Having insight into the future will help policymakers and industrie...
ViewThe Global E-waste Monitor 2014: Quantified, Flows and Resources is the first publication and provided an unprecedented level of detail and accuracy about the size of the world’s e-waste challenge, ongoing progress in establishing specialized e-waste collection and treatment s...
ViewThis report uniquely presents a summary of the e-waste statuses in East and Southeast Asia. It is arranged so as to allow direct comparisons where possible that can help further the development of e-waste management systems based on other countries experiences. It covers regio...
ViewThis report provided the most comprehensive overview of global e-waste statistics and an unprecedented level of detail, including an overview of the magnitude of the e-waste problem in different regions. The report included up-to-date information on the amounts of e-waste gene...
ViewThese guidelines proposed a sound measurement framework that integrates available statistical data and non-statistical data sources into e-waste statistics to improve comparability between countries. The framework captured the most important elements of e-waste and is relevant...
ViewThese guidelines are adopted on an interim basis. It provided guidance on the application of the transboundary movements provisions to [transboundary movements of] waste electrical and electronic equipment (ewaste) and used electrical and electronic equipment (used equipment) ...
ViewConducting inventories of hazardous wastes and other wastes requires interplay between legislation development, compliance monitoring and enforcement, and the planning and implementation of disposal options to fulfill the principles of environmentally sound management of waste...
ViewThe framework for ESM of hazardous wastes and other wastes was developed to identify what countries should do at the national level and collectively as parties to the Convention to address the challenges of implementing ESM of wastes in a systematic and comprehensive manner. I...
ViewThis manual is intended to provide guidance for those involved in the prosecution of cases of illegal traffic in hazardous or other wastes within the scope of the Basel Convention. Global in scope, it is intended to provide practical information that will be particularly relev...
ViewThe study looked into feasible ways to integrate the informal refurbishing and e-waste recycling sector into possible business models in order to identify new market niches and generate significant employment and income opportunities for the urban poor. This report is composed...
ViewThis report reflects the results of the exchange programme that took place in the Netherlands and Belgium. As part of the SBC E-waste Africa project, component 4, IMPEL hosted a train-the-trainer event on Ewaste inspection and enforcement. The programme consisted of a combinat...
ViewThis manual offers practical guidance and background information to regulatory and enforcement officers who deal with the transboundary movements of used electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE) and electrical and electronic waste (e-waste). While actions of both export and ...
ViewThe Benin e-Waste Country Assessment, comprising Component 1 and 2 of the Secretariat of the Basel Convention e-Waste Africa Project, was undertaken in Benin between November 2009 and January 2011. The study subjects included; importers and distributers, assemblers, consumers,...
ViewThe Cote d'Ivoire e-Waste Country Assessment, comprising Component 1 and 2 of the Secretariat of the Basel Convention e-Waste Africa Project, was undertaken between November 2009 and January 2011. The study subjects included; importers and distributers, assemblers, consumers, ...
ViewThe Ghana e-Waste Country Assessment, comprising Component 1 and 2 of the Secretariat of the Basel Convention e-Waste Africa Project, was undertaken in the Accra – Tema area of Ghana between November 2009 and January 2011. The study subjects included; importers and distributer...
ViewThis study is an integral part of the E-waste Africa Project and contains an in-depth socio-economic study on the functioning and the sustainability impacts of the informal EEE refurbishing and e-waste recycling sector in Lagos, as well as a comparison of currently practiced a...
ViewObsolete electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) produced worldwide and specifically in African countries, together with the absence of well-organized collection and management systems has manifold impacts on the environment, the health of local communities and the economic ...
ViewThis report presents a national e-waste assessment for Nigeria and investigates the situation with regard to e-waste looking into, inter alia, trends of EEE imports, use and e-waste generation. The Nigerian study is part of the e-waste Africa project of the Secretariat of the ...
ViewThis document presented the methodology for performing a country assessment in order to understand the current framework conditions, including a review of the current legislation, a stakeholder assessment, a mass flow assessment (inventory) and an environmental & socio-economi...
ViewThis document introduced to the knowledge generated through the numerous studies and activities of the E-waste Africa project in the form of conclusions and recommendations primarily for stakeholders in the project partner countries, but also for stakeholders in other African ...
ViewIn view of the growing concerns of e-waste management across the globe, in particular, the developing countries of Asia, the Secretariat of Basel Convention, under the project on Environmentally Sound Management of e-Waste in Asia Pacific, supported 10 Asian countries. India, ...
ViewBCRC China implemented the project, entitled “Survey of the import and the environmentally sound management of electronic wastes in Asia-Pacific Region” funded by the Basel Convention Trust Fund for 2003-2004 and Environment Canada. The participating countries into the project...
ViewThe guideline addresses the transboundary movement of collected used and end-of-life mobile phones. Once collected, the mobile phones should be evaluated and/or tested and labeled to determine whether they are suitable for reuse, possibly after the repair, refurbishment, or up...
ViewThe guideline addresses the recycling of all three of the basic components of mobile phones, including (1) the handset, (2) the battery and (3) the battery charger and other accessories. The guideline also addresses the adequacy of the present recycling infrastructure and its ...
ViewThis guideline encourages the private sector, and companies; that collect used mobile phones to be shipped for reuse, including repair, refurbishment or upgrading, recycling, material recovery, and disposal; to implement practices in an environmentally sound manner, which will...
ViewThe guideline on the refurbishment of used mobile phones is about making mobile phones available for reuse. It provides guidance for refurbishment facilities, and it offers advice and guidance in three parts.
ViewProduct design affects every stage of a product‟s life cycle and can have a significant impact in reducing the negative life cycle impacts on human health and the environment, including end-of-life impacts and waste management. In this guideline, end-of-life impacts, and how d...
ViewThis manual provided governments and companies with an overview of the essential elements to establish, maintain and strengthen the environmentally sound management (ESM) of used and waste computing equipment being collected, refurbished, repaired, recycled, and recovered. The...
ViewThe publication provided general guidance pertaining to the environmentally sound management of used and end-of-life mobile phones that includes such considerations as awareness-raising on design considerations, collection, processing, refurbishment, material recovery, and rec...
ViewThrough this report, the extent to which certification schemes are currently used can be understood, It provided the basic requirements of a national and regional strategy for environmentally sound management of computer equipment waste; guidance to developing countries and co...
ViewThis guideline describes the chain of steps that should be taken in order to ensure environmentally sound management in material recovery facilities that recycle electronics, and to encourage operators at each step to know about, work with, and take their responsibility for hu...
ViewThis guideline promoted greater reuse of computing equipment, through environmentally sound refurbishment and repair and the environmentally sound management of any discarded equipment or components. Extending the life of computing equipment generally results in the best envir...
ViewThis document is a summary of all PACE guidelines. It provides guidance on the environmentally sound management (ESM) of used and end-of-life computing equipment. It emphasizes reuse and recycling, with the aim of avoiding the final disposal of such used and end-of-life produc...
ViewThe E-waste Africa Project is a comprehensive programme aimed at enhancing the environmental governance of e-wastes and at creating favorable social and economic conditions for partnerships and small businesses in the recycling sector in Africa. It has been implemented in the ...
ViewMany studies show that high levels of many toxic metals and persistent and bio-accumulative chemicals have been found in electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling sites and their surrounding environmental media. Both flame-retardant plastic housing materials and printed circuit b...
ViewThis paper provides StEP definitions for terms associated with “reuse” of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) or its components. It has been developed within StEP’s Task Force “ReUse” and discussed with StEP’s other Task Forces, thus displaying agreement among the StEP m...
ViewA presentation on Elektronikschrott - nationale und internationale Perspektiven auf ein globales Problem by StEP und United Nations University.
ViewThis paper discusses the provisions of the Basel Convention that concern e-wastes, and it further examines the potential impact of the Draft technical guidelines on transboundary movements of e-waste and used electrical and electronic equipment, in particular regarding the dis...
ViewThis report evaluates current transboundary shipment legislation and its influence on the movement of used electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE) destined for reuse and/or refurbishment, specifically addressing the electronic refurbishment industry’s point of view. The rep...
ViewSolving the E-waste Problem (StEP) Initiative and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) have established a formal partnership focusing on the development of a sound e-waste management system for Ethiopia. In service of this goal, this study was carried out ...
ViewThis paper takes account of international policies that relate to potential supply and demand distortions of geochemically scarce metals, using indium and tellurium, which are found in thin-film photovoltaics, as examples. The findings of a search among major global institutio...
ViewAs a result of the replacement of cathode ray tube screens (CRTs) by flat screens, the world is confronted with stranded end-of-life CRTs. CRTs contain 1 to 1.5 kg of lead per screen; mainly found in the funnel and neck glass for radiation protection purposes. The lead content...
ViewThis paper acts as a guide for the setup of the country- or region-specific EoL standards taking into account best practices and best available technologies (BAT). This paper is not an EoL standard. Rather, it gives an overview of the principles for the setup of EoL standards,...
ViewThis paper presents the results of a project aiming to comparatively evaluate the performance of e-waste policies in four European countries (Belgium, Netherlands, France, and Switzerland). Such a comparative analysis could help identify best policy practices used by governmen...
ViewThis green paper describes, quantifies and analyzes the global trajectory of discarded electrical and electronic equipment. In addition, the paper reviewed the key international, regional and national regulations and guidelines that govern the transboundary flows of this mater...
ViewThis paper was developed to depict the worldwide impacts of substance restrictions of ICT equipment. It comprises an overview on hazardous materials in electronics and on the worldwide substance restrictions, which were implemented in the European Union, China, California, Jap...
ViewThis paper provides guidance to policymakers and system architects on the policy tools, configuration alternatives, financing schemes and management alternatives that may be used to operate systems. This document begins with a description of the generic structure of a take-bac...
ViewThis White Paper examines the Commission proposal for a recast of the WEEE Directive, as given in COM(2008)810 final, with reference to among others the findings in the UNU report and experience with the current WEEE Directive from the StEP members coming from all over the wor...
ViewThis report provided StEP Initiative’s recommendations for a comprehensive approach to responsible e-waste management to be included in a standard or set of standards aimed at the responsible collection, handling, treatment and disposal of electrical and electronic equipment a...
ViewIn this report, StEP covered design aspects, with special attention to design for disassembly, design for re-use and design for end of life. With smart product design, products can be more easily disassembled and materials liberated at pre-processing phases of the value chain....
ViewIn 2015, StEP network continued collaborating on projects in order to deliver e-waste solutions that will contribute to the circular economy knowledge base. It finalized a Business Plan Calculation Tool, one component of the StEP Toolkit. Recyclers will be able to use the calc...
ViewThis Annual Report serves as an introduction to StEPs new wording and adjusted approach, Ít also covers accomplishments and milestones. It shall not serve simply as a report on progress made, but also as an invitation to StEP.
ViewIn this report, five priority areas are identified, reflected in StEP’s five Task Forces: Policy, ReDesign, ReUse, ReCycle and Capacity Building. This report also describes the networking activities (strategic partnerships and linkages) through which StEP complements and lever...
ViewThe e-waste challenge is complex. The production, consumption, and disposal of electronics encompasses extensive supply chains and a variety of participants. `Sound, salient e-waste solutions that reduce adverse impacts and supports circular economy require a coordinated, syst...
ViewA number of challenges and shortcomings still hamper the development of a sustainable reverse supply chain and continue to allow unsustainable leakages of both valuable and toxic materials from e-waste. The majority of countries worldwide still lack effective e-waste policy an...
ViewThis report looked into the amounts of electrical and electronic equipment placed on the market, e-waste generated and officially collected and treated. It will report on the e-waste solution progress per country or state as an integrator of key take-back system information an...
ViewThese principles are intended to provide guidance to all stakeholders in developing countries developing solutions for e-waste management. As the input of the project is mainly based on e-waste systems in developing countries, the recommendations will best apply to developing ...
ViewThis edited volume provides a forum for young scholars to present their research and contribute to the international debate of challenges and solutions for global e-waste management. The book contains research that was presented at the NVMP-StEP E-waste Summer School Series 20...
ViewThe report compares and contrasts the e-waste management systems in countries/ states where reuse is operating successfully (these countries/states include the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Belgium). It helps in identifying specific success factors a...
ViewThere is global inconsistency in the understanding and application of the term “e-waste” in both legislation and everyday use. This has resulted in many definitions contained within e-waste regulations, policies and guidelines. This paper provides a non-legal definition of the...
ViewThe goal of this report was to enable a better understanding of the e-waste system in China, including actors, projects, policies and other factors, and to facilitate further discussion, project initiation and communication among organizations working on e-waste in China.
ViewThis paper explores the large variety of policy options that have been implemented around the world and it draws some conclusions about the nature of responses to the e-waste problem and potential policy recommendations.
ViewThis paper presents core legal principles based on Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) that can be reviewed, contextualised, and adapted by decision-makers in countries that are developing legislation that will implement Extended Producer Responsibility programmes into the ...
ViewThe StEP-Business-Plan-Calculation-Tool supports entrepreneurs to set up an economically viable e-waste recycling business in an environmentally sound manner. It can be further helpful for policymakers to understand the present economic framework conditions for e-waste recycli...
ViewThe growing volumes of end-of-life (EOL)and near end-of-life ICT equipment around the globe is becoming a matter of concern, particularly as ICT equipment is characterized by high demand and a relatively short life-span. The failure to close the loop on e-waste leads not only ...
ViewThis survey details and assesses the existing conflict minerals supply chain due diligence initiatives (incorporating national and international legislation, as well as industry-, government- and multistakeholder led schemes) that address the management of the broader spectrum...
ViewThis report proposed a methodology to undertake rapid national e-Environment assessments as well as to develop and implement national e-Environment strategies. Among other proposals, the report recommends the preparation of an e-Environment toolkit comprised of best practices ...
ViewThe Toolkit on Environmental Sustainability for the ICT sector is an ITU-T initiative which provides plenty of detailed support on how ICT companies can build sustainability into the operations and management of their organizations, through the practical application of interna...
ViewThe report analyses the environmental impacts and health effects associated with inadequate management of e-waste in order to identify risks and opportunities. Policymakers in the region should consider these risks and opportunities when designing new policies and regulations ...
ViewThis Supplement sheds light on e-waste management success stories in different countries. The Supplement covers different policies, legislation, initiatives, and different stakeholders' involvement (government, private sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and informa...
ViewSupplement ITU-T L.Suppl.5 has been developed to provide information for the practical implementation of the life-cycle approach in companies, facilities and plants as well as distributors, including chapters on best practices with a specific focus on material usage and select...
ViewSupplement 4 to the L series of Recommendations provides a set of guidelines that countries can refer to when designing or adjusting their e-waste management systems. It provides guidance on policy/legal framework, collection mechanisms, financial mechanisms and engagement wit...
ViewRecommendation ITU-T L.1102 describes printed label methods to provide information on rare metals contained in information and communication technology (ICT) goods and includes requirements specified in Recommendations ITU-T L.1100 and ITU-T L.1101 on the disclosure of rare me...
ViewInformation and communication technology (ICT) goods, which consist of many parts and modules, are comprised of relatively small quantities of rare metals and larger quantities of major materials (e.g., iron, nonferrous metals, plastics, glasses, and engineering ceramics). The...
ViewRecommendation ITU-T L.1100 provided information on the recycling procedures of rare metals in information and communication technology (ICT) goods. It also defined a communication format for providing recycling information of rare metals contained in ICT goods.
ViewRecommendation ITU-T L.1030 provides a management framework for e-waste to countries. It summarizes the different steps that countries need to adopt in order to put in place an e-waste management system. The different steps of the e-waste management system described in this Re...
ViewThis Recommendation offers a description of the extended producer responsibility (EPR) system in dealing with e-waste. It expands on the different existing forms of EPR globally, not only in theoretical terms, but also with a practical view on their feasibility, challenges, an...
ViewThis Recommendation suggests approaches of circular economy (CE) for information and communication technology (ICT) goods and networks. It focused particularly on the next steps in improving circularity in the operators′ supply chain. It provides guidance on how operators coul...
ViewRecommendation ITU-T L.1010 defines a minimum set of parameters necessary to identify green battery solutions that should be considered by developers/manufacturers to reduce the future environmental impact of battery use. The provision of so-called green batteries is to extend...
ViewRecommendation ITU-T L.1002 defines requirements and provides guidelines on environmental aspects, of universal power adapter solutions (UPA) designed for use with portable information and communication technology ICT devices. It is complementary to Recommendations ITU-T L.100...
ViewRecommendation ITU-T L.1001 provided requirements for a universal power adapter solution (UPA) for stationary information and communication technology (ICT) devices that will reduce the number of power adapters that are produced by widening their application by more devices, t...
ViewL.1000 provided high-level requirements for a universal power adapter and charger solution that will reduce the number of power adapters and chargers produced and recycled by widening their application to more devices and increasing their lifetime. The solution also aims to re...
ViewThis case study was developed taking into consideration Saint Lucia’s specific needs on the e-waste issue. The output developed by ITU-D Study Group Question 6/2 during the previous study period was taken into account during the development of the sample policy for Saint Lucia.
ViewThis report presents the development of a national policy and regulatory framework, including a strategy and action plan for electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) management in Malawi. It provides an overview of the current e-waste treatment and a forecast of e-waste volum...
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